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CHEMISTRY OF CHOLESTEROL AND HEART DISEASES

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 CHEMISTRY AND HEART CHOLESTROL- SOURCE- WAVEMAGAZINEONLINE What do we know about cholesterol or what is cholesterol? Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that are needed to make some useful hormones and is found in our blood. Cholesterol is actually needed to build certain kind of cells, but the it's presence in large quantities can have harmful effects too. It comes from two sources, first, our liver makes cholesterol that we need, the other source is, it can be obtained from food which are derived from other animals. Now, there are two types of cholesterol- 1. LDL Cholesterol- LDL stands for "low-density lipoprotein". This type of parcel protein transports cholesterol from liver to rest of the body, high levels of LDL cholesterol leads to high chances of cardiovascular diseases. It is sometimes referred to as bad cholesterol. 2. HDL Cholesterol- "HDL" stands for "high-density lipoprotein". This type of protein transports cholesterol back to liv
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COAL- All you need to know about it

EVEN THE DIAMOND COULDN'T SHINE ON THEIR OWN BUT THEY REFLECT, BUT THE BURNING COAL DID!!

 

WHAT IS A COAL?

Coal can be described as a complex mixture of compounds of CARBON, HYDROGEN and OXYGEN and some free carbon. Some small amounts of sulphur and nitrogen are also be present in coal. It is a combustible black sedimentary rock and is formed as rock strata.

TYPES OF COALS-

Coal is found in variety of forms depending on the degrees of compression and the depth and time of burial. There are mainly four types of coal, namely-
  • PEAT- Decaying plants in swamps produce peat.
  • LIGNITE- Lignite is a low grade brown coal, which is soft with high moisture content.
  • BITUMINOUS- Coal that has been buried deep and subjected to high pressure and increased temperature is bituminous coal.
  • ANTHRACITE- Anthracite is the highest quality coal.

HOW COAL MADE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION POSSIBLE-

We all know that, in ancient times wood was the most common source of energy. The energy of flowing water and wind was also used but in a limited manner. The exploitation of COAL made the industrial revolution possible. Increasing industrialization lead to a better quality of life all over the world. It has also called the global demand for energy to grow on a tremendous rate.
The growing demand of energy was fulfilled by burning of fossil fuels like- coal.

Related topics to science-

USES OF COAL-

  • Coal is used for heating purposes in homes.
  • It is used in the manufacturing of petrol and synthetic natural gases.
  • It is used in the manufacturing of natural gas.
  • It is used in thermal power plants for the generation of electricity.
  • It is used for extraction of metals by acting as a reducing agent(coke).

IS IT A CLEAN FUEL OR IT POLLUTES ENVIRONMENT?

The main disadvantage of using fossil fuels is that the burning of fossil fuels causes a lot of pollution in the environment. The following points describes it-
  • The burning of fossil fuels produces ACIDIC GASES such as sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. These gases cause acid rains. The acid rain damages trees and plants(including crops), reduces fertility of soil by making it acidic, it damages buildings by corroding them slowly, damages the Monuments made of marble stones and statues are also get damaged.
  • The burning of fossil fuels puts a large amount of CARBON DIOXIDE which goes into air. Though carbon dioxide gas is not harmful immediately, it damages the environment in the long run. The presence of increased amount of CO2(Carbon Dioxide) causes an increase in the greenhouse effect, which leads to excessive heating on the Earth.
  • The burning of coal produces SMOKE which pollutes the air.
  • It behinds a lot of ASH and also leaves behind tiny particles of ash, known as FLY-ASH into the air causing air pollution.

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HOW CAN WE CONTROL THE POLLUTION CAUSED BY COAL?

The pollution caused by burning of coal can be controlled to some extent by increasing the efficiency of the combustion(burning) process. This will become more clear from the following points.
  • The pollution of air can be minimized or controlled by fitting the vehicles with the catalytic converters.
  • The pollution of air caused by the burning of the coals in factories and thermal power plants can be controlled by washing down the smoke and acidic gases in water in a scrubber.
  • The pollution can also be controlled in factories and thermal power plants by installing electrostatic precipitators in their chimneys.
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